Gestational Diabetes

What Is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased needs. This results in high blood sugar levels, which can affect both the mother and the baby. However, with early diagnosis, proper management, and a healthy lifestyle, most women with gestational diabetes have a safe and healthy pregnancy.

At Manasa Hospital, we provide expert screening, monitoring, and treatment to ensure the well-being of both mother and baby.

Causes & Risk Factors

Gestational diabetes occurs due to hormonal changes during pregnancy that interfere with insulin function. Some women are at a higher risk, including those who:

• Have a family history of diabetes
• Are overweight or obese before pregnancy
• Are over 25 years old
• Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy
• Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Have had a baby weighing over 4 kg in a previous pregnancy

Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes often has no noticeable symptoms, which is why routine screening is essential. However, some women may experience:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination
• Fatigue and tiredness
• Blurry vision
• Frequent infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs)

How Is Gestational Diabetes Diagnosed?

Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy using:

• Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) – A preliminary blood test after drinking a glucose solution.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) – A detailed blood test taken over a few hours to confirm the diagnosis.

Complications of Gestational Diabetes

If left unmanaged, gestational diabetes can lead to:

• Large Baby (Macrosomia) – Increases the risk of C-section and birth complications.
• Preterm Birth – Increased chances of early labor.
• Preeclampsia – High blood pressure during pregnancy.
• Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) in Baby after birth.
• Higher Risk of Type 2 Diabetes for both mother and child later in life.

Treatment & Management

The good news is that gestational diabetes can be managed effectively with proper care:

• Healthy Diet – A balanced diet rich in fiber, proteins, and healthy fats while limiting refined sugars and processed foods.
• Regular Exercise – Walking, yoga, or low-impact workouts help control blood sugar levels.
• Blood Sugar Monitoring – Frequent checks to ensure levels stay within the safe range.
• Medication or Insulin – In some cases, insulin or oral medications may be necessary.

Postpartum Care & Future Health Risks

Gestational diabetes usually disappears after delivery, but it increases the risk of:

• Developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
• Gestational diabetes in future pregnancies.

Regular check-ups, healthy lifestyle choices, and routine blood sugar monitoring can help prevent long-term complications.