Pelvic Organ Prolapse

What Is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) occurs when the muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic organs weaken, causing one or more organs—such as the bladder, uterus, rectum, or vagina—to drop from their normal position and press against the vaginal walls. This condition is common in women, especially after childbirth or menopause, and can cause discomfort or affect daily life.

At Manasa Hospital, we offer advanced treatments and expert care to help women regain their comfort and confidence.

Causes & Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to pelvic organ prolapse:

• Pregnancy & Childbirth – Vaginal deliveries, especially multiple or difficult births, weaken pelvic muscles.
• Menopause & Aging – Reduced estrogen levels lead to muscle weakening.
• Chronic Straining – Due to constipation, chronic cough, or heavy lifting.
• Obesity – Excess weight puts additional pressure on the pelvic floor.
• Hysterectomy or Pelvic Surgery – Can weaken pelvic support structures.

Types of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Depending on the affected organ, there are different types of prolapse:

• Cystocele (Bladder Prolapse) – The bladder bulges into the vaginal wall, causing urinary symptoms.
• Rectocele (Rectal Prolapse) – The rectum pushes against the back of the vaginal wall, leading to difficulty with bowel movements.
• Uterine Prolapse – The uterus descends into the vaginal canal.
• Vaginal Vault Prolapse – Occurs after a hysterectomy when the top of the vagina loses support.

Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Symptoms may vary based on the severity of prolapse and the organ involved:

• A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvic area
• Bulging or a lump in the vaginal opening
• Lower back discomfort
• Urinary issues – Leakage, frequent urination, or difficulty emptying the bladder
• Constipation or difficulty passing stools
• Pain or discomfort during intercourse

Diagnosis & Evaluation

At Manasa Hospital, our specialists diagnose pelvic organ prolapse through:

• Pelvic exam – To assess the degree of prolapse.
• Ultrasound or MRI – In some cases, imaging may be needed to evaluate internal structures.
• Bladder function tests – If urinary symptoms are present.

Treatment Options

The right treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and personal preferences. Options include:

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels) – Strengthening pelvic muscles can improve mild cases.
• Lifestyle Changes – Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, and treating chronic cough or constipation.
• Pessary Device – A removable device inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic organs.

Surgical Treatments

For moderate to severe prolapse, surgery may be required:

• Vaginal or Laparoscopic Repair – To restore pelvic support.
• Hysterectomy – If the uterus is severely prolapsed.
• Mesh or Sling Procedures – Used in some cases to reinforce weak tissues.